The present research was conducted with the aim of the relationship between social factors and family violence against children (child abuse). The used method was a survey and the data collection tool was also a questionnaire. From a total of 155 families with a history of child abuse based on the social emergency statistics of Tehran in the last 6 months of 1397, 110 families (parents with one or more children) were selected in District 9 of Tehran Municipality. The random sampling method was simple. In the present study, children under 11 years (6-11 years) were defined as the age range of children and family violence was also defined as violence applied by parents, older siblings. Research hypotheses were tested with SPSS statistical software through Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results showed that the experience of violence has a positive relationship with psychological violence, physical violence, neglect against children and family violence against children. In other results, it was found that violence-oriented mentality has a positive relationship with psychological violence, physical violence, neglect against children and family violence against children. In the continuation of the obtained results, the positive relationship of family problems with mental violence, physical violence and neglect against children and family violence against children was confirmed and it was found that gender stereotypes have a positive relationship with mental violence, physical violence and neglect against children and family violence against children. Finally, in the main hypothesis, the results showed: social factors have a positive relationship with psychological violence, physical violence and neglect against children and family violence against children.

Here, we examined the components of emotional intelligence as predictors of drug abuse; thus, 276 male & female individuals who were addicted to moderating drugs (opium, heroin...) & non-moderating drugs (marijuana, cocaine,…) were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling, it's worth mentioning that this sample was drawn from a larger one referred to the private & governmental centers of Isfahan to come off drug. Results demonstrated that drug abuse is negatively correlated with problem-solving component; furthermore, an analysis of logistic regression indicated that only problem-solving component is able to predict non-moderating drug abuse.

Background & Aims: Child Abuse (CA) is a multi-dimensional damage which is emerged and intensified by several elements. CA brings about physical, mental, and social aftermaths for the children and exposes them to several dangers. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between Substance Abuse and CA in Tehran.Materials & Methods: This study was conducted through a survey, and systematic random sampling method was used. The statistical population of this study was Child Abuse in Tehran in 2014-15. The sample population of this study was 273 individuals which were selected using Cochran Sampling Formula among the Child Abuse. The questionnaires were also analyzed after investigating validity and reliability of the questions.Results: The findings of this research showed that girls and boys are abused equally. Moreover, as the age of the children increases, the possibility of being abused increases too. The most common insult was physical and physical-mental abuse. Most of the children have experienced a combination of physical, mental, and sexual abuse and neglect. Also, findings of this study showed that addiction of the parents was the main element of CA (43% of cases); and there was a significant relationship between parental Substance Abuse and CA. Dependency to methamphetamine was the most common addiction compared to other drugs (83%).Conclusion: Considering these results, the necessity of multi-dimensional planning in individual, family, and social levels and in three preventive phases of first, second and third is needed for effective prevention and appropriate intervening on CA.

Objective: The present study aimed to examine the relationship between different forms of maltreatment and cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Methods: This research is a cross-sectional study. The sample included 321 individuals from the general population aged 18-50 years. They were selected from different districts of Tehran, using the convenience sampling method. The data were collected by the traumatic experiences checklist and the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire and analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis and the enter method. Results: Emotional maltreatment explained part of the variance of self-blame, rumination, catastrophizing, and blaming others (P<0. 01). Physical maltreatment explained part of the variance of catastrophizing and blaming others (P<0. 01), and sexual maltreatment had a significant positive correlation only with catastrophizing (P<0. 05). Conclusion: The results indicated a positive association between a history of maltreatment and the use of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. Besides, it was found that various forms of maltreatment have different relationships with maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies.

the purpose of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of emotional schemas and emotional regulation in the relationship between child abuse, emotional vulnerability and borderline personality feature. The present study is a correlational study and structural equation modeling. Participants were 462 people of general population of West Azerbaijan province were selected by cyberspace sampling method. For data gathering, Child Abuse Self Report Scale (Mohammadkhani, Mohammadi, Nazari, Salavati & Razzahghi, 2003), Childhood Emotional Vulnerability (Sauer & Bauer, 2009), Emotional Schemas (Leahy, 2011), and Borderline Personality Feature (Mohammadzadeh, Godarzi, Taghavi, Mollazadeh, 2005) were used. The results showed that conformity emotional schemas and emotion regulation were significant positive predictors borderline personality Emotional schema have a mediating role by establishing a positive and significant relationship between child abuse and borderline personality feature. Emotional schemas also mediated between child abuse and emotional vulnerability with emotional dysregulation. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that emotional schemas can increase borderline personality traits.

Background: Emotional abuse is a type of interpersonal violence that causes the loss of intimacy and the separation of couples. Lack of marital intimacy along with low emotional maturity will increase the desire for emotional abuse between couples. Factors affecting emotional abuse have been investigated in previous studies, but no study was found that investigated emotional abuse based on emotional maturity and its differentiation with the mediating role of marital intimacy in the researched society. Aims: The aim of the present study was to determine the pattern of structural relationships of emotional abuse based on emotional maturity and self-differentiation with the mediation role of marital intimacy. Methods: The method of the current research was descriptive, of the type of structural equations. The statistical population of the research included all the couples who referred to counseling centers in Sanandaj in 2022, from which 222 people were selected through available sampling. The instruments used in the research included emotional abuse (Barahimi, 2008), emotional maturity Yashopersing and (Bahargava, 1991), self-differentiation (Skowron and Friedlander, 1998) and marital intimacy (Asoudeh and Timouri, 2017). Data analysis was analyzed using Pearson correlation method, structural equation modeling and partial least squares (SMARTPLS-3) algorithm and SPSS-23. Results: The results indicated the fit of the general research model with the experimental data. The findings showed that emotional maturity, self-differentiation and marital intimacy can directly predict emotional abuse (P< 0.001). Also, the indirect effect of emotional maturity (P= 0.001) and self-differentiation (P< 0.001) with the mediation of marital intimacy on emotional abuse was significant. Conclusion: According to the findings obtained in the current research that low emotional maturity and self-differentiation in the long term causes a decrease in marital intimacy, and this eventually causes emotional harm and the occurrence of marital conflict among couples; Therefore, it is suggested to use methods of teaching emotional maturity and marital intimacy to reduce emotional abuse, and counseling and psychotherapy centers should pay more attention to these variables in predicting emotional abuse of couples.